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Circular Economy
Circular economy is a newly defined understanding of circular economy. Circular economy serves as the umbrella term for several scientific concepts that want to create cycles in economy, society and nature.
We at circular thinking like to refer to cradle-to-cradle-inspired circular economy, as this is one of the most ambitious concepts with many implementation examples.
Videos
>> What is Cradle to Cradle (C2C)?
>> European Commission - Green SME through Circular Economy? (engl)
Reports
>> Hansen. Brief introduction to CE
>> World Economic Forum - Report
Scientific Article
>> Hansen, EG, & Schmitt, J. (2016). Circular economy: leverage potential for product and business model innovation.
>> Drabe, V., & Herstatt, C. (2016, July). Why and how companies implement circular economy concepts - the case of cradle to cradle innovations.
>> Fahnenmüller
actors
>> Ellen MacArthur Foundation
(EMF)
>> EU Circular Economy Network
>> Cradle to Cradle Product
Innovation Institute (C2CPII)
>> C2C consulting EPEA
>> Biomimicry 360
Practical examples
>> EMF - case studies
>> Circulate News
politics
>> EU - Public Procurement for a
>> Strategy paper Luxembourg
>> Public procurement Netherlands
Books
>> Braungart & Mc Donough - Simply produce intelligently
>> Ellen Mac Arthur Foundation - A New Dynamic - Effective Business in a Circular Economy
>> Rau & Oberhuber - Material Matters
>> Welzer - Think for yourself: A guide to resistance
Service business models
Service business models are more commonly called product-service systems or hybrid service bundles in science.
They offer some economic advantages:
>> The manufacturer creates long-term customer relationships and accounting advantages for the customer
>> The manufacturer remains the owner of its own raw materials
>> Manufacturer differentiates itself from competitors
From a systemic and ecological point of view, they are very promising for drastically decoupling value creation from resource consumption.